King Mswati III: The Enduring Power and Controversy of Africa's Last Absolute Monarch

Born Makhosetive on April 19, 1968, in Manzini, Eswatini, King Mswati III has become a prominent figure in African politics as the continent's last remaining absolute monarch. Ascending to the throne at just 18 years old, following the death of his father, King Sobhuza II, Mswati III has ruled Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) with a firm grip on power since his coronation on April 25, 1986. His rule, characterized by a blend of traditional authority and modern governance, continues to draw both reverence and criticism.

As Ngwenyama, or "Lion," of Eswatini, King Mswati III wields extensive political power, including veto authority over all branches of government and constitutional immunity from prosecution. The King shares power with his mother, Ntfombi Tfwala, now the Queen Mother or Indlovukati, in a dual monarchy system that is unique to Eswatini.

Together, they hold ultimate authority over the nation's governance, with Mswati III acting as the commander-in-chief of the defense forces, and exercising significant influence over local governance through his control of traditional chiefs.

King Mswati III's reign has been marked by a complex legacy. On one hand, he has maintained the cultural traditions of the Swazi people and upheld the country's political stability. On the other hand, his governance style has been criticized for its autocratic nature, with political dissent, labor activism, and pro-democracy movements often met with harsh repression.

Since 1973, when King Sobhuza II declared a state of emergency, political parties have been banned in Eswatini, a status quo that persists under Mswati III's rule.

The government's tight control over the media and the violent suppression of protests have further fueled criticism from international human rights organizations.

Personal life: Mswati III's personal life has also drawn significant attention, particularly for his practice of polygamy, with 15 wives and 45 children. His opulent lifestyle contrasts sharply with the poverty faced by many of his subjects; in 2022, 32% of the Eswatini population lived below the $2.15/day international poverty line.

This disparity has been a focal point of criticism, as the King continues to lead a life of luxury while a significant portion of his people struggle to meet basic needs.

Despite these controversies, Mswati III has played a pivotal role in regional and international diplomacy, maintaining relationships with countries like Taiwan and navigating the complex political landscape of Southern Africa. His rule represents a blend of ancient tradition and modern autocracy, making him a unique and enduring figure in the global monarchy.

Country name change
On 19 April 2018, King Mswati III changed the name of the country from Swaziland to Eswatini to mark its 50th anniversary of independence.The name change coincided with the king's birthday. The actual anniversary took place on 6 September, though in the same year. Eswatini is the ancient, original name for the country, chosen as a departure from its colonial past.

King Mswati III's influence over Eswatini's political, social, and cultural spheres is profound, and his legacy will undoubtedly continue to shape the nation's future long after his reign.

As Africa's last absolute monarch, he remains a powerful symbol of both the endurance and challenges of traditional leadership in the modern world.